Interplanetary Deceleration of Solar Cosmic Rays

Effect of Adiabatic Deceleration on the Focused Transport of Solar Cosmic Rays

In the framework of focused transport theory, adiabatic deceleration arises from adiabatic focusing in the solar wind frame and from differential solar wind convection. An explicit formula is given for the deceleration of individual particles as a function of the pitch angle. Deceleration and other first-order effects of the solar wind, including convection, are incorporated into a numerical co...

Solar Influence on Climate: Cosmic Rays

Detailed analysis of observed antiprotons in cosmic rays

In the present work, the origin of antiprotons observed in cosmic rays (above the atmosphere) is analyzed in details. We have considered the origin of the primaries, (which their interactions with the interstellar medium is one of the most important sources of antiprotons) is a supernova type II then used a diffusion model for their propagation. We have used the latest parameterization for anti...

Ground Based Measurements of Galactic and Solar Cosmic Rays

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The global network of ground based neutron monitors and muon telescopes constitutes a unique “instrument” in an armada of particle detection and measurement facilities now in space and to be deployed in the future. This network has a particle energy detection threshold of order 500 MeV, extending up to 50 GeV, with a full-sky field of view continuously making dozens of pointed...

24 . Cosmic rays 1 24 . COSMIC RAYS

The cosmic radiation incident at the top of the terrestrial atmosphere includes all stable charged particles and nuclei with lifetimes of order 106 years or longer. Technically, “primary” cosmic rays are those particles accelerated at astrophysical sources and “secondaries” are those particles produced in interaction of the primaries with interstellar gas. Thus electrons, protons and helium, as...